private property developments have not been able to completely alter the rights inherent in private property, but private ownership has been subject to Limitations. One example of these limitations, which has been neglected in legal researches, is the issue of eminent domain by the State for private use rather than public use. The question is essentially whether there is a possibility of eminent domain for private use. The eminent domain by the state for private use, contrary to the Eminent Domain in public use, is not easily acceptable and may face challenges, since the public interest in the private use hardly imaginable. However, after a careful examination of the eminent domain for private use, to be clear that the limitation of property is a public interest, the challenge is moderated and, as a result, is acceptable in our legal system. The present research, while accepting the possibility of eminent domain by the State for private use, explains the terms and effects of this type of limitation of property, and recommends that the legislature, in addition to proposing some amendments to the rules, prescribed eminent domain by State to consider these rules.

In this paper the long run relationship between private investment and the variables influencing it with be determined using conditional ARDL Model Pesaran & Shin's frame work for the years 1973-2004. The results of this study show that there is long run relationship between private investment, public investment, per capita income and capital inventory, real interest rate and granted credit of banks to private sector. private investment has the most sensitivity to public investment. On the other hand, private investment in Iran has the lowest sensitivity to banks granting credit to private sector, which show inefficiency of banking system in Iran in allocation of resources and the direction it takes to inject money to public sector. So, by making restricting public sector on one hand, and increasing its efficiency on the other and encouraging the development of Credit & Finance Institutions, the possibility and propensity to invest in private sector will be widely available.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has many advantages in the field of large-scale identification, including speed increase and cost reduction. For this reason, this system has many applications in the modern world and can be used as an essential tool for improving human life. Since this technology faces serious challenges in the field of security and privacy, its applications has been limited due to security concerns and delays in standardization. Given the widespread use of RFID technology in large-scale systems, and importance of privacy in these systems, this article introduces a mutual anonymous private authentication protocol (MAPAP); a protocol which adds privacy and scalability features to a mutual authentication protocol. In this new protocol the privacy is measured using the information leakage criterion and it is seen that the amount of information disclosed by this protocol when compromised is significantly less than group-based authentication. In a system with 220 tags, with the increase in the number of compromised tags, the difference in information leakage between this protocol and the group-based authentication protocol increases, such that, when the number of compromised tags in this system reaches 150, information disclosed by the proposed protocol is about 65 percent less than group-based authentication and this difference increases with increasing system size.

Introduction: Communications and information technology revolution has a remarkable effect on economic, social, politic and security of all the world. Using of information technology in medicine has many advantages such as improve the quality and effectiveness of care, reduce medical errors, enhance the management of acute and chronic disease, access to updated information, and help to medical decision-making. This study was aimed to determine the status of using information technology in the private clinics of general physicians as well as to find the reasons for unwillingness in using the technology.Methods: This is a descriptive and applied study done in 1393-94 (2015). The population included general physicians' clinic in Ahvaz (344 clinics). A questionnaire and a check list were applied to obtain the required information. A test- retest with two weeks interval was used to find out the instruments reliability (r=0.94) and their validity were confirmed by experts.Results: 71.42% and 28.57% out of respondents were male and female, respectively. The results showed that 7.2% out of all participants use information technology. Physicians believed that lack of knowledge about how to use information technology in medical care is an important reason for their reluctance to use that.Conclusion: Although, the practitioners agreed with applying information technology in their daily practice, but they still have not accepted the technology in their clinics.

The dilapidated structures of Isfahan face a complex combination of social, economic and environmental problems,That urban regeneration takes steps to solve these problems by using the tools of empowering a cohesive community and promoting the active participation of citizens. This process in the context of cyberspace seeks to facilitate communication between citizens and officials,Electronic authorization is introduced. One of the methods of implementing the electronic authorization process in cyberspace is the use of requirements engineering method, which is introduced based on the identification of requirements and its analysis, system users and their activities. This study has been compiled with the aim of achieving the analysis of users' needs and their activities in order to realize the process of electronic authorization based on the use Case. Based on this, this article is a research with features such as inductive, applied and descriptive-analytical, which determines the system requirements by using the jury method and content analysis method using Atlas ti software. Requirements analysis shows that users of the electronic authorization process system, including residents of worn-out tissues of Isfahan, facilitator, technical expert and trainer, are responsible and the activities of each based on the authorization process and requirements in Visual Paradigm software as a use case diagram,Displayed as Integrated Modeling Language (UML). The diagrams used are a demonstration of how the relationship between the user and the activities in the cyclical system of the electronic empowerment process for the residents of the worn-out urban tissues of Isfahan.

In the capital markets, it is assumed that all issued information is available to public, immediately or after a short time. However, many researchers believe that this assumption is too optimistic and always there are people that they have more information than others. Furthermore, they may have access to firm’s private information and use that information to stock trading. This research investigates the effects of probability of trading based on firm’s private information (PIN) and the effect of bid-ask spread; (as two factors of information asymmetry) on the cost of equity capital (CoE) from 2008 to the end of 2013 in 112 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research results show that the increase in probability of stock trading based on private information about firms’ condition (PIN) and also increase in bid-ask spread, increases the firm’s cost of equity capital. On the other hand, there is a negative association between two factors of information asymmetry (PIN and bid-ask spread) and the cost of equity.

Defence sector in every country is part of strategic sections of that country which, with the usage of experienced human labor, proper investment, defense munitions export and security provision in the country, can have positive effect on the country economy. Present article, by using information and statistics of the time period of 1353- 1383, tries to determine Iran's defense expenses affect on economic growth and private consume. For this purpose by considering economic offering side, two models of two parts and four parts each of which includes defense and consume sections, have been used. In this relation, governmental defense and non-defense sections productivity regarding private consume, has been studied and indirect effects of these sections on economic growth which result from their foreign impact on private consume section, has been reviewed. The results show that economic great variables such as exports, investment, labor, defense section total effect and non-defense governmental section total effect on economic growth are positive.

Introduction: We live with goods in geographical space,Living with objects requires their localization, adaptation, and placement. In fact, it is the relationship between goods and people and the way goods are placed in Special spaces, which creates a distinct material culture. On the other hand, goods establish their national identity by their physical presence at specific times and places by organizing a network of cultural elements of communication. A network of connections in which cultural connections are institutionalized and define the symbolic meaning of goods. Methodology: The methodology used in this research is qualitative in nature, that is, it is a research in which the findings produced are not the product of statistical procedures and information quantification, but qualitative methodology is an approach to social phenomena. Results and Discussion: Consumerism is one of the challenging fields for academic environments,Because it is both a sign of materialistic false consciousness and a sign of tactical proportionality of power. In such a way that in the face of the all-encompassing power of capital, it constitutes a kind of rebellious self-promotion. It should be clarified that none of these views are related to the proposed approach, i. e. attention to consumption as a part of daily life in certain environments and social connection with certain types of objects, i. e. goods. Conclusion: To conduct this research in the field of the material culture of symbolic goods and national identity, the national levels of the car as the important symbol of the auto industry of the twentieth century have been clarified. In sociology, the Keywords such as Fordism and post-Fordism indicate the importance of the car. The types of cars and the identities attributed to the car play an important role in the formation of material culture and influence concepts such as gender and independence. The results show that symbolic goods, such as cars, can be integrated into Culture and national identities, be practically and symbolically adapted to Various national spaces, and expand into emotional connections that harmonize ideas about national car cultures.

This research investigates the effect of calendar anomaly of religious time on using private information in stock trading from 2008 to the end of 2013 in 112 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, using market microstructure models, the probability of stock trading based on firm’s private information is calculated in monthly way; and using panel data regression analysis, the results of Muharram and Ramadan are compared with other months of year. The results show that the probability of stock trading based on firm’s private information during Muharram is significantly lower than that of other months but, the probability of stock trading based on firm’s private information during Ramadan is not significantly different from other months. This subject confirmed the effect of calendar anomaly of religious time on using private information in stock trading.